论《雾都孤儿》情节的巧合(2)

Brownlow and his mother’s elder sister Mrs. Maylie have the implications of Charles Dickens’radical ideas -being optimistic , intense pursuit of the happiness , and his firm belief that“tomorrow will be better. ” exposing the dark corners of life and fiercely attacking the Creating coincidences is one of Dickens’unique cynical reality , he showed us the good trend in the devel2 artistic styles. The Russian literary lion Gorky said , realopment of the society rather than depicted it as pitch ism and romanticism often seemed to combine in great dark. So from his novel , readers have a strong sense that artists. Dickens is such a great one who is characterized Creating coincidences is one of Dickens’artistic styles -combination of romanticism and realism life is not utterly hopeless. Dickens chose to convey this message through coincidences in the book. Oliver is born of a dying mother in a parish workhouse and then sent to an infant farm , run by Mrs. Mann , until he is nine years old , at which time he is then returned to the workhouse again , where he is starved and abused. Where there is oppression , there is rebelling. Young and physically weak as he is , Oliver is mentally powerful and brave enough to advance to the master and“ask for more gruel”on behalf of the group. In the undertaker’s , he fights for his mother’s dignity with Noah Claypole , another of the undertaker’s boy, who offends his late mother , though he pays great cost for it -a more severely physical punishment. Later he runs away to London alone to seek for new life. Such personalities -bravely facing sufferings of life , meeting challenges brought about by misery fate , and rebelling against the evil forces -are the essential conditions for him to happen to meet Mr. Brownlow and Mrs. Maylie , which serve as Dickens’general purpose of arranging coincidences. He made it clear that no matter how tragic your lot is , no matter how hard your life becomes , the unfortunate will certainly get help from good -hearted men to free himself by his perfect combination of realism with romanticism in writing , forming his unique artistic style -mixture of the realistic and the wildly improbable. Thus , it is not hard to understand that Dickens’story is full of legends and melodramas. As we all know , realistic writers aim at painting pictures in real life , by which they manage to reveal the truth of life while romantic writers pay attention to imagination and fascination , and they often describe peculiar things in an exaggerated way. In Oliver Twist , theses two opposite ways of writing are unprecedentedly well-mixed.
Dickens had a good memory and was endowed with great power of astonishing imagination. He had acute eyes , sharp ears and nose , and an excellent memory that enabled him to bear in mind every subtle detail of things that he had ever seen , heard , tasted or touched in his life , by using this he generated an imagination in which even Shakespeare could not match him. Oliver Twist is indisputably alive with such amazing gifts of Dickens. Every scene depicted in it is identical to that in real life whether viewed from the perspective of sense of sight , hearing , touch or taste and smell. Moreover , his vivid account of characters created great power to astonish his readers. In generating the story , he used his imagination with marvelous dexterity to create countless coincidences within the plot. In a sense , his artistic style -creating coincidences was also characterized by exaggeration , that is , an exaggerated mixture of romanticism and realism.
Therefore , the situations he described in the novel were not the facts that happened really in a certain place at a certain time , but the ones that should or were more likely to happen in real life. Moreover , they were processed , or rather , exaggerated by the artist Dickens. As a result , these situations in the book became romantically realistic. As Dickens himself said , he used romantic realism “largely to express his own moral concepts rather than pursue perfect truth. ”While openly revealing and harshly criticizing hideous features in life , he praised ideal human nature and interpersonal relationships. He thought the masses had virtues and pure and innocent emotions that had not been affected by capitalistic monetary value, forming a sharp contrast with selfishness , garded as a symbol of good. Pure and innocent children can be compared to angels in Heaven. According to the Bible , having child -like innocence means keeping good and love. Although Dickens was not a Christian , his humanitarian ideas were harmonious with the concept of children advocated by the Bible. Thus , children became symbols of good and love in his mind , which was also the key point of his humanitarianism. As a result , he created happy encounters by using“the simplest creative method -”coincidences“, in which a penniless , hopeless child is offered help from benefactors who free Oliver from sufferings and dangers many times. Towards the end of the novel , as Oliver is being chased by his half brother , villainous Monks , who intends to kill Oliver , thereby negating the unknowing Oliver’s claim to his rightful inheritance which would then go to Monks , Oliver happens to Brownlow again despite a long period of losing touch with each other. This good -hearted gentleman conquers Monks and helps Oliver get his share of inencounter Mr. tyranny and cruelty of aristocrats and the bourgeoisie. As a novelist , his finest quality lied in his ability to look at problems objectively -everything has its good and bad sides. According to him , human nature was of no class. Every class has its good people and bad ones. Monks is a representative of the unprincipled in the underworld while Mr. Brownlow and Mrs. Maylie the benevolent with noble mind of the bourgeoisie. Such plot of the story shows he had lofty ideals of life , which inspire people to fight bravely with the evil forces rather than to surrender to it. Through coincidences he hinged his hopes on the beneficent bourgeoisie that they should help the underworld that were born with virtues and noble mind.
Good is rewarded with good, evil with evil Description of rare incidents reflects Dickens’consistent creative attitudes and aesthetic psychology. Viewed from the perspective of the main theme of the novel , coincidences indicate that Dickens , an optimistic and romantic humanitarian , held the concept that good is rewarded with good , and evil with evil. Yet from his psychology of creation , it was his concept of children that urged him to plot the story in such a way. In the Bible , a child is reheritance -a large sum of money , hoping he will start a new life. From this coincidence , we seem to see Dickens himself is like a lonely and helpless child who is eagerly expecting happy encounter with good -hearted men by whom he will be offered help. Creating happy encounters is determined by his aesthetic psychology , which corresponds to his great expectations :“Good survives through every adverse circumstances , and triumph at last”② , and the light will supplant the dark in the end.

Notes :

①Anatole France (1844 -1924) , French writer, literary critic.

②Charles Dickens , preface to Oliver Twist , the third edition , P1 , Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press,1992.

Reference :

[1 ]Catherine Peters , Charles Dickens. Xi'an: Xi'an World Publishing Corporation,1998.
[2]T.A.Jackson.Translated by Fan De -yi, Charles Dickens.Shanghai:Shanghai Translation Press,1993.
[3]LuoJin -guo,ACriticalBiographyofCharles modelsandthefairystorypatterns”,Journal of Hangzhou Dickens. Shanghai : Shanghai Translation Press,1989. Teachers college (Social Science) No.1,1995,P73.
[4]Charles Dickens,Oliver Twist.Beijing:Foreign Language and Research Press,1992.审稿:徐德松
[5]Jiang Cheng -yong,“Dickens’psychological

 

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