原文中的“负责人”成responsible person不妥。 Responsible指“负有职责”，“有责任感”，“可靠”，与“负责人”不是一回事。例如：Isn’t he too young for such a responsible job? （让他负责如此重要的职责，他是否太年轻了？）；又如：Alice is a very responsible baby-sitter. （阿莉丝看小孩很负责任。）；Give the job to a responsible man. （把工作交给负责任的人）；Betty is a responsible young lady.（贝蒂是个有责任感的姑娘。）
position 作可数名词（多作单数），表示“处境，境地”之意。例如：A man in his position might have done the same thing.(一个处于他位置的人也会做出同样的事。); Madame Michel found herself in an embarrassing position （米歇尔夫人发现她处境很尴尬）; “负责人”应为“the person in a responsible position”， 即“处于负责岗位上的人”。准此，此句可改为：
After a contract becomes effective, the parties thereto shall not refuse to perform the obligations of the contract due to the modification of the title or name of the parties thereto, or the change of the statutory representative, the person in a responsible position or the executive person of the parties thereto.
．关于enlarge和increase的区别
例：
当事人一违约后，对应当采取适当措施防止损失的扩大，
没有采取适当措施致使损失扩大的，不得就扩大的损失要求赔偿。
原：
After one party violates a contract, the other party shall
take proper measures to prevent from the enlargement of losses; if
the other party fails to take proper measures so that the losses are
enlarged, it may not claim any compensation as to the enlarged losses.
原文中的“防止损失的扩大”应理解为“防止损失的增加”，因此成enlarge不妥，应为increase。根据《牛津现代高级英文辞典》的定义，enlarge意为make or become larger (扩大，增大)，比如，放大相片，enlarge a photograph；扩建房屋，enlarge one’s house。increase意为make or become greater in size, number, degree, etc.即在尺寸、大小、数量、程度上的增加、增大、增多。“损失的扩大”意为“损失程度的增加”，故应为 increase。
另，原中“from”和“as to”均系误，见改。此句可改为：
After either party violates a contract, the other party shall take proper measures to prevent the increase of the loss. Provided that if the other party fails to take proper measures so that the losses are increased, the party in question shall not claim any compensation in relation to the increased losses.
．关于package和packing的区别
例：
买卖合同的内容除依照本法第十二条的规定以外，还可以
包括包装式、检验标准和法、结算式、合同使用的文字
及其效力等条款。
原：
Other than those as stipulated in Article of this Law, a sales
contract may also contain such clauses as package manner, inspection
standards and method, method of settlement and clearance, language
adopted in the contract and its authenticity.
原文中的“包装式”，不能成package manner，而应为manner of packing。这两个意思相近的词，中英时应特别注意。
package意为parcel of things, packed together即，“包、包裹”。比如：一捆信件，a package of letters, 二十支装的一包香烟，a package of cigarettes。packing （不可数名词）意为process of packing (goods)，（包装货物的过程，打包，打行李）等意。此句中的“包装式”自然是指“包装的式”“打包的式”，而不是“包裹的式样”，因此应成packing。此句可改为：
Besides those specified in Article of this Law, a sales contract may also contain such clauses as manner of packing, inspection standards and method of settlement and clearance, and the language adopted in the contract and its authenticity.
．关于above, over and beyond的用法
例：
租赁期限六个月以上的，应当采用书面形式。当事人不
采用书面形式的，视为不定期租赁。
原：
Where the lease term is above months, the lease contract
shall be in written form. If the parties do not conclude it in written
form, it shall be deemed an unfixed lease.
“超过”“高于”有三个英语用词，above, over, beyond, 但各自用法不同。
“六个月以上”成above months，不如“beyond month”好。介词above表示greater in number, price, weight, etc，即（数目）大于，（价格）高于，（重量）超过，但above有“在…..之上”的意思，指位置，引伸为“超出”“多余” 或“与……无关”之意，因此通常在表示高低的才用above。比如, The temperature is three degrees above zero.(现在的温度是零上度)。遇到数字和表示数量与长度的词语，over较为常用，over意为more than。比如，You have to be over to see this film. （岁以上的人才能看这部电影）。There were over , people at the pop art festival.(参加流行艺术节的人数超过万)。
beyond意为(of time)later than, 指时间超过。比如，Don’t stay out beyond o’clock. (点以后不要呆在外面)。He never sees beyond the present.(他眼光只看到现在。) 此句可改为：
Where the lease term is beyond months, the lease contract shall be made and concluded in a written form. If the parties thereto fail to conclude the lease contract in written form, the lease in question shall be deemed an unfixed lease.
．关于urge 和remind的用法
例：
承租人应当按照约定支付租金。承租人经催告在合理期
限内仍不支付租金的，出租人可以要求支付全部租金，也可
以解除合同，收回租赁物。
原：
The lessee shall pay the rent according to the terms of the contract.
If the lessee still does not pay the rent within a reasonable time limit
after being urged, the lessor may request it to pay all the rent, or rescind
the contract and take back the leased property.
原文中的“催告”成urged，欠准确，应用remind。根据《牛津现代高级英文辞典》定义，urge表示request earnestly, try to persuade; strongly recommend, （力请，力劝，推荐之意）。比如，The salesman urged me to buy a new car. 而remind somebody to do something, 表示cause (somebody) to remember to do something，提醒（某人）做某事。比如，Please remind me to answer that letter.(请提醒我复信)。
原文中的“承租人经催告后”，成英文时，应进行语内，理解为“承租人经提醒”，才能使文准确。原文中尚有其他不妥之处，一并改如下：
The lessee shall, under the requirements and provisions of the contract, pay rent. If, within a reasonable time limit after being reminded to do so, the lessee still fails to pay the rent, the lessor may request the lessee to pay all the rent, or may rescind the contract and take back the leased property.
．关于at risk 和in danger的用法；“处于危险之中”与“处境危险”的区别
例：
承运人在运输过程中，应当尽力援助患有急病、分娩、
遇险的旅客。
原：
A carrier shall, during the period of carriage, render whatever
help assistance as it can to a passenger who is seriously ill, or who is
giving birth to a child or whose life is at risk.
原文中的“遇险的旅客”成whose life is at risk是误，“遇险的旅客”即“旅客生命遇到危险”，应该成whose life is in danger。at risk一意为threatened by uncertainties (such as failure, loss, etc)指可能遭到失败，损失等意。比如，Is the government’s income tax policy seriously at risk? （政府的税收政策有可能招来大损失？）
in danger意为“处境危险”，“遇险”，例如：He was in danger of losing his life. （他那时生命危在旦夕）；We were in danger of being hit by a stone.（我们有随时被石头砸伤的危险）。此句可改为：
A carrier shall, during the period of carriage, render whatever help and assistance as it can to passenger who is seriously ill, or who is giving birth or whose life is in danger.
．关于untrue和false的用法区别
例：
因托运人申报不实或者遗漏重要情况，造成承运人损失的，
托运人应当承担损害赔偿责任。
原：
Where a carrier suffers from damage due to untrue declaration
or omission of important information by the shipper, the shipper shall
be liable for damages.
原文的“申报不实”即为“虚报”，英语的法律用词是false declaration。Untrue declaration按字面出，欠准确。False有not right/ true/ real（错误，不对，不真实）之意，也有deceiving, lying（欺骗，不诚实）之意，比如，假账false account，诬告false accusation，欺骗性广告false advertisement，假报告false report，等。此句可改为：
Where, due to the false declaration or omission of important information by the shipper, a carrier suffers from damage, the shipper shall be liable for the compensation for the damages.
．关于warehousing 和 warehoused的区别
例：
保管人根据存货人或者仓单持有人的要求，应同意其检查
仓储物或者提取样品。
原：
At the request of the storing party or the person who holds the
warehouse voucher, the safekeeping party shall permit the person to
check the warehousing goods or take samples.
原文的“仓储物”不应为warehousing goods，应为warehoused goods。这里warehouse是及物动词，意为to deposit, store, or store in or as if in a warehouse (在仓库存放); warehousing一般作名词，意为“仓储”，“仓储费”。“仓储物”应理解为“仓储在仓库里的货物”, 因此为warehoused goods。此句可改为：
Upon the requirement of the storing party or the person who holds the warehouse warrant, the safekeeping party shall permit the person in question to inspect the warehoused goods or take samples.
．关于goods carriage和 the carriage of goods的用法区别
例：
货物运输需要办理审批、检验等手续的，托运人应当将
办理完有关手续的文件提交承运人。
原：
Where such formalities as examination and approval or inspection
are required for goods carriage， the shipper shall submit the documents
of fulfillment of the relevant formalities to the carrier.
原文中的“货物运输”应为the carriage of goods，意为carrying of goods from place to place，比如“旅客运输”的英文是carriage of passengers，“航空货物运输”可为carriage of goods by air，陆地货物运输为carriage of goods by land，海上货物运输carriage of goods by sea。Carriage of Goods by Sea Act为英国《海洋货物运输法》（年）。Goods carriage 指 goods that are carried (运载的货物。) 此句可改为：
Where such formalities as examination and approval or/and inspection are required for the carriage of goods, the shipper shall submit the documents of fulfillment of the relevant formalities to the carrier.
中文的特点是用词简炼、词义深奥，用于法律文件更是如此。中英时首先要把汉语的内含弄清。法律文件用词严谨，一字之差就有可能引起预想不到的后果。近义和同义词表达的法律含义有时不互等或不互用，因此时，对它们的含义要把握确切，这样在语言转换时，就能保证入语的用词与原语用词具有对等的法律上的意义和功能。
参考文献
倜西 董乐山 《英汉手册》 北京：商务印书馆国际有限公司,
傅伟良 《英文合同写作指要》 北京：商务印书馆国际有限公司,
夏登峻 何联昇 《英汉法律词典》 北京：法律出版社,
单其昌 《汉英技巧》 北京：外语教学与研究出版社,
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