The old man was in his adversity and the boy had got good fishes after he left the old man． Santiago didn’t feel jealous but happy for him．When talking with the boy who was not willing to leave，the old man said．“I know you did not leave me because you doub． ted’’? and he felt it was quite norma1．though he would be lonely without the boy． W hen the boy asked if he could offer the old man a beer on the terrace and then took the stuff home，the old man said，“why not， between fishermen
3． AU these details show that Santiago was reasonable， sensible， kind with open mind．
The old man，s grace lies in his gender feeling．1et §take a look at how the old man woke the boy：he took hold of one foot gently and held it until the boy woke up．W hen the boy was still sleepy，the old man put his arm across his shoulders and said “I am sorry”．Just like Lu Xan said，heartlessness doesn t make the hero， pity for children makes more the man．
With confident attitude towards life，the old man took things philosophically． In fact he hoped the boy could come back to him and he needed the boy，but when the boy wanted to be back，the old man refused because it was the boy，s parents who made him leave and he could not make the boy awkward and unlucky with him．
3．Grace under the third layer of pressure W hen fighting with the marlin， he was driven through the two opposite forces between certainty and uncertainty．Sometimes Santiago felt lonely and helpless，but he conquered all of them ultimately，which was best presented in his long monologue and recall about arln．wrestling contest．such as “1 wish I had theboy to help me and to see this”，“1 wish the boy were here”and “1 wish I had the boy"[39]．
His menti0n 0f the boy several times proved that he wanted to over． whelm loneliness and enhanced courage and force to fight．
Santiago recalled the arm—wrestling episode to give him more confidence．The recall would allow him to forget a connection with the marlin that went beyond the literal link of the line：his bodily aches attested to the fact that he is well matched．that the fish is a wor．thy opponent．As a young man，Santiago enjoyed single-minded competitive contests， as an old man he continued to enjoy them．
III．Conclusion
The old man conveys us that we human beings should keep graceful even under fierce pressure， should face the failures bravely，and keep the spirit of unyielding integrity．These are the qualities with which we should be equipped，just as the motto of the old man“Man is not made for defeat．A man can be destroyed but not defeated．’’
【References】
[1] 海明威 ．老人与海 [M]．吴 钧 ，译．上海 ：上 海外文 出版社 ，2000．
[2] Baker Carlos．Emest Hemingway：a life story[M]．New York：Scriber，1996．
[3]Brenner Gerry．The Old Man and Sea：story of a common man[M]．New York：Twayne publishers，1991．
[4]桂扬清，吴翔林．英美文学选读[M]．北京：中国对外翻译出版社 ，2001．
[5]金莉 ，秦亚 清．美 国文学 [M]．北 京 ：外语教学与研究出版社 ，1996．
《老人与海》的象征意义和语言特色
英美文学理论教材研究