[关键词] 不典型心肌梗死;心电图;侧支循环;冠脉造影
Analysis of the Clinical in the Acute Myocardial Infaretion Patients Diagnosed by the Clinic
Electrocardiogram
Abstracts:Objective To find the specificity and rules from summarizing data of the acute myocardial infarction patients diagnosed by the clinic electrocardiogram in order to enhance clinician vigilance and avoid missing the optimal time of treatment.Methods To collect and analyze clinical data of 51 acute myocardial infarction patients diagnosed firstly by the clinic electrocardiogram in the outpatient clinic,including history,electrocardiogram,myocardial creatase,coronary angiography.Results Fortyone patients who had chest pain and chest distress visited cardiology department;3 who took headache and dizziness visited neurological department;3 who had abdominal discomfort nausea and vomiting visited digestive department;and 4 who had chest distress and short of breath visited traditional Chinese medicine department.There were about 3 to 7 days from displaying chest pain to seeing a doctor.There were 17 patients with inferior myocardial infarction,7 with inferiorposterior and right ventricle myocardial infarction,11 with anterior myocardial infarction,8 with anteriorinterior myocardial infarction and 8 patients with nonQ wave infarction diagnosed firstly by the clinic elec trocardiogram.The results of coronary angiography showed that the IRA(infarction related artery) were LAD(11 patients),LAD+LCX(14 patients),LAD+LCX+RCA(16 patients).Conclusion Acute myocardial infarction might display headache,abdominal pain,nausea and vomiting and so on except chest pain and chest distress.Clinician should enhance the vigilance in order to diagnose atypical AMI in time by electrocardiogram,myocardial creatase et al.
Key words:Atypical acute myocardial infarction;Electrocardiogram;Bypass circuit;Coronary angiography
急性心肌梗死常表现为剧烈胸痛,持续不缓解,伴有大汗、恶心、呕吐,需要看急诊或呼叫120送医院急诊,但在临床实践中,有一部分患者虽然发生了急性心肌梗死,但其症状不严重,往往不及时就诊,而是几天后去看门诊,门诊心电图提示急性心肌梗死。本文对这类患者临床特征和冠脉造影结果加以总结和分析,旨在提高临床医师对不典型心肌梗死患者的重视,并及时作相关检查,以明确诊断。
1 临床资料与方法
1.1 研究对象 采用回顾性分析,2003年9月至2004年12月,共有51例患者在我院门诊心电图室发现急性心肌梗死。其中男41例,女10例,年龄47岁~79岁,平均年龄67.83岁。
1.2 方法 对每例患者的首发症状、就诊科室、起病时间和未及时就诊原因、既往史等进行总结、归类;采集每1例患者的心电图、心肌酶谱、心脏彩超、冠脉造影的结果,进行统计、分析,发现其中的特殊性和规律。急性心肌梗死诊断依据:具有胸部不适的临床表现;典型的心肌梗死心电图变化;心肌酶谱检查:肌酸激酶(CK)、肌酸激酶同工酶(CKMB)高于正常,肌钙蛋白I(CtnI)升高。
2 结果
2.1 主要症状 心前区疼痛伴牙痛、咽痛,运动、劳累后加重者21例(41.17%);间断性胸闷,剑突下疼痛伴呕吐者9例(17.64%);胸闷、憋气,夜间间断性胸痛9例(17.64%);头痛、脑供血不足者7例(13.72%);腹部不适,呕吐者5例(9.87%)。
2.2 就诊科室 51例患者中,有41例患者因胸痛、胸闷、心悸、肩背痛到心内科就医,经医生询问病史后,发现患者虽有胸痛,但不剧烈,疼痛时无大汗,疼痛时间多在3 d~7 d以上,含服硝酸甘油或速效救心丸后均不缓解,血压基本正常,即要求患者做心电图检查,发现是急性心肌梗死。其余有4例因头痛,腹部不适伴胸闷、憋气到中医科就诊的患者,3例因腹部不适、恶心、呕吐到消化内科就诊的患者,3例因头痛、眩晕到神经内科就诊的患者,均伴有或多或少的胸部不适症状,医生即要求做心电图检查,结果是急性心肌梗死。
2.3 发病时间 患者从出现各种不舒服的感觉到来院就诊,一般要经过3 d~7 d,因为胸痛症状不典型。