【关键词】 妊娠高血压综合征;急性肾功能衰竭;护理
Early diagnosis and nursing measure of acute renal failure following severe pregnant hypertension syndrome
【Abstract】 Objective To explore early sign of acute renal failure following severe pregnant hypertension syndrome and provide related nursing measure.Methods 31 cases of acute renal failure following severe pregnant hypertension syndrome were explored to study group. Their urine, blood β2-MG, blood BUN and Cr, urine density and blood pressure were observed. The 38 cases of severe pregnant hypertension syndrome without acute renal failure were regarded as control group.Results Less urine and high level of blood β2-MG were higher positive ratio in severe pregnant hypertension syndrome (P<0.01). However, blood BUN, Cr, urine density and blood pressure show no significant(P>0.05).Conclusion Less urine and high level of blood β2-MG may be the early sign in acute renal failure following severe pregnant hypertension symptom. Preventive early and providing related nursing measure may reduce the incidence of acute renal failure.
【Key words】 pregnant hypertension syndrome; acute renal failure; nursing
重症妊高征患者常常伴随肾功能损害,在治疗过程中也易发生急性肾功衰竭,这往往加重病情,危急患者的生命,死亡率较高。因此早期识别及有针对性干预极为重要。现在临床上一般以尿量,血β2-MG,血BUN、Cr,尿比重及血压等指标来反映肾功能损害的情况及程度,但这些指标对重症妊高征患者发生急性肾衰早期识别的意义目前仍不明了。本文对既往重症妊高征发生急性肾衰的临床病例资料进行回顾性分析,寻找早期预警指标,为该并发症的早期识别提供依据,同时也对早期有针对性干预及加强护理措施奠定基础。
1 资料与方法
1.1 一般资料 按文献[1]和急性肾功能衰竭的诊断标准,排除既往有慢性肾炎的患者。收集我院1998年1月~2004年7月收治的31例重度妊高征发生急性肾衰的病例资料为观察组,平均年龄:(26.2±1.5)岁,平均妊娠期(28.46±6.24)周,死亡5例;另外随机抽取同期住院治疗的重度妊高征且无急性肾衰竭并发症的患者38例为对照组,平均年龄(25.7±1.2)岁,平均妊娠期为(26.33±10.76)周,死亡2例。经统计学分析,两组间在年龄及妊娠期间差异无显著性,有可比性。
1.2 研究方法 统计分析观察组在急性肾功能衰竭发生前1周左右的下列指标:尿量,血β2-MG,血BUN、Cr,尿比重及血压,同时统计对照组住院后1~2周内的上述指标。各项指标的阳性标准按下列统一标准:突发少尿(尿量<400ml/24h)超过1天,或呈持续少尿或无尿;血β2-MG>2.5mg/L;尿比重<1.015;血压由高变低(<100/60mmHg);血BUN>7.2mmol/L,Cr>150μmol/L。
1.3 统计学方法 所有资料以计数资料表示,采用χ2检验,以P<0.05示差异有显著性。