3 讨论
3.1 HIF1α在不同氧状态下人胃癌细胞株SGC7901的表达
Zhong 等[7]对包括胃癌、胰腺癌等癌组织标本及人体正常组织分析发现,大多数人体正常组织中没有或仅有弱阳性的HIF1表达,而癌组织中HIF1呈过度表达。体外实验也证实HIF1α在多种肿瘤细胞株缺氧时呈阳性表达[8,9],本研究发现SGC7901细胞在常氧下仅个别细胞HIF1α呈阳性表达,阳性表达部位在胞核, 阳性率仅在1%~3%。可以认为在常氧下SGC7901细胞不表达HIF1α,在低氧处理后,HIF1α表达明显上调。可能同缺氧阻止了HIF1α的降解,使在非缺氧时易降解的HIF1α蛋白稳定性增加。HIF1α蛋白水平呈指数增加有关[10,11]。本研究还发现HIF1α表达随缺氧时间的延长逐渐增加,是否同SGC7901细胞逐渐适应缺氧有关,尚待进一步研究。
3.2 缺氧状态下SGC7901细胞HIF1α的表达同细胞凋亡的关系
缺氧能诱导肿瘤细胞凋亡,己在实验研究中得到证实[9]。但缺氧时HIF1α的表达同细胞凋亡的关系尚存有争议。Akakura等[10]在胰腺癌的研究中发现HIF1α高表达的胰腺癌细胞比无HIF1α表达的更能抵抗缺氧和无糖所诱导的凋亡。HIF1α高表达可以明显地增加bcl2的表达[11],而在樊利芳等[12]研究中显示,HIF1α表达同bcl2的表达呈负相关,表明HIF1α促进缺氧环境下肿瘤细胞凋亡。本实验中我们发现,在缺氧环境下SGC7901细胞HIF1α表达明显上调,同参与细胞凋亡诱导的Fas基因的表达呈负相关,从而使SGC7901细胞能抵抗缺氧所诱导的凋亡。可能同受HIF1所调控,参与能量代谢和运输基因及蛋白以不同方式参与肿瘤细胞对缺氧的适应过程有关。
3.3 缺氧状态下SGC7901细胞HIF1α的表达同细胞增殖的关系
PCNA是DNA聚合酶的辅助因子,参与DNA的合成。已广泛使用于评定肿瘤细胞增殖活性。HIF1α同肿瘤细胞增殖的关系一直存有争议。Carmeliet等[5]研究表明HIF1α的缺陷阻止了细胞在缺氧条件下的生长,但在细胞分裂时可刺激其增殖。Horiuchi等[13]发现缺氧时卵巢癌细胞株的细胞数目不减少,同HIF1α表达增加从而增加了p27的表达和降低cyclinD1及cyclinRB表达有关。Zhong等[14]发现在前列腺癌组织及乳腺癌组织中,HIF1α表达与Ki67指数相关。Volm等[15]研究小细胞肺癌时HIF1α与cyclinA表达和细胞周期的关系,发现HIF1α与细胞增殖无关,存在不同的结果可能同研究的肿瘤组织及检测指标不同有关。本实验表明,在缺氧条件下SGC7901细胞HIF1α表达同PCNA无关。
本实验通过对缺氧条件下SGC7901细胞HIF1α、Fas及PCNA表达的观察,分析了HIF1α表达同细胞凋亡及增殖的相关性,结果表明HIF1α抑制缺氧所诱导的胃癌细胞凋亡而与细胞增殖无关。认识HIF1α在胃癌发生、发展中的作用,将为胃癌治疗提供新靶点及思路。
【参考文献】
[1] Parker C, Milosevic M, Toi A,et al. Polarographic electrode study of tumor oxygenation in clinically localized prostate cancer[J]. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys, 2004,58(3):750757.
[2] Carmeliet P, Jain RK. Angiogenesis in cancer and other diseases [J]. Nature, 2000, 407(6801): 249257.
[3] Dachs GU,Tozer GM. Hypoxia modulated gene expression: angiogenesis, metastasis and therapeutic exploitation[J]. Eur J Cancer,2000, 36 (13 Spec No):16491660.
[4] Zhong H, De Marzo AM, Laughner E, et al. Overexpression of hypoxiainducible factor 1α in common human cancers and their metastases[J]. Cancer Res, 1999,59(16):39153918.
[5] Carmeliet P, Dor Y, Herbert JM, et al. Role of HIF1 alpha in hypoxiamediated apoptosis, cell proliferation and tumor angiogenesis[J]. Nature, 1998, 394(6692):485490.
[6]Horiuchi A, Imai T, Shimizu M, et al. Hypoxiainduced changes in the expression of VEGF, HIF1 alpha and cell cyclerelated molecules in ovarian cancer cells[J]. Anticancer Res, 2002,22(5):26972702.
[7] Jiang BH, Semenza GL, Bauer C, Marti HH, et al. Hypoxiainducible factor 1 levels vary exponentially over a physiologically relevant range of O2 tension[J]. Am J Physiol,1996, 271(4 Pt 1):C11721180.
[8] Kallio PJ,Pongratz I, Gradin K,et al. Activation of hypoxiainducible factor 1α: posttranscriptional regulation and conformational change by recruitment of the arnt transcription factor[J]. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA,1997,94(11):56675672.
[9] 祝亚平,丰有吉,陈雅芳,等.卵巢癌细胞株SKOV3ipl缺氧与凋亡及其与细胞周期的关系[J]. 中国癌症杂志,2002,12(4):343346.
[10]Akakura N, Kobayashi M, Horiuchi I, et al. Constitutive expression of hypoxiainducible factor1alpha renders pancreatic cancer cells resistant to apoptosis induced by hypoxia and nutrient deprivation[J]. Cancer Res,2001,61(17):65486554.
[11]Iervolino A, Trisciuoglio D, Ribatti D, et al.Bcl2 overexpression in human melanoma cells increases angiogenesis through VEGF mRNA stabilization and HIF1mediated transcriptional activity[J].FASEB J, 2002,16(11):14531455.
[12]樊利芳,刁路明,陈德基,等.肺癌组织中缺氧诱导因子1α的表达及其与调亡和增殖的关系[J].癌症,2002,21(3):254258.
[13]Horiuchi A, Imai T, Shimizu M, et al. Hypoxiainduced changes in the expression of VEGF, HIF1 alpha and cell cyclerelated molecules in ovarian cancer cells[J]. Anticancer Res, 2002,22(5):26972702.
[14]Zhong H, DeMarzo AM, Semenza GL, et al. Identification of hypoxia inducible factor1α protein in common human cancers[J]. Proc Am Ass Cancer Res, 1999,40(3): 329334.
[15]Volm M, Koomagi R. Hypoxiainducible factor(HIF1) and its relationship to apoptosis and proliferation in lung cancer[J]. Anticancer Res, 2000,20(3A): 15271533.