一些 研究 表明肝功能生化检测指标中血清总胆素、血清白蛋白、血清前白蛋白、血清丙氨酸转氨酶是术后并发症发生率及死亡率的 影响 因素[10],其中血清总胆素、血清丙氨酸转氨酶与术后并发症发生率及死亡率呈正相关,而血清白蛋白、血清前白蛋白与其呈负相关,本组研究结果与其相符。凝血酶原时间延长,术后出血几率高,Wu等[2] 分析 接受肝切除的359例合并肝硬化的患者,凝血酶原时间的延长也是影响术后并发症发生的独立因素。Poon等[1]的研究认为,血小板减少术后易创面渗血。Wei等[6]分析血红蛋白低于100g/L是影响并发症因素。本组18例肝切除术后并发症患者血小板小于6.00g/L,血红蛋白小于100g/L。结合本组资料及国外相关资料表明术中出血量及输血量是影响术后并发症发生率及死亡率的主要因素。Poon等[1]认为外 科技 术的改进包括超声刀使用,术中降低中心静脉压,控制入肝及出肝血流,能够减少术中出血量和输血量,从而降低术后并发症发生率和死亡率。另外,长时间手术会增加麻醉对机体的打击,延长创面暴露时间将增加术后发生肺内和腹腔感染的发生率[2]。本组资料显示手术时间超过3h的病人,术后并发症发生率高,腹腔感染率增加。但Fan等[3]认为术中细致操作而使手术时间延长,虽然会增加术后并发症的发生率,但不会增加致死性并发症的发生率。相反,细致操作能减少出血量及胆漏的发生,所以手术既要细致又要准确,是肝切除术的关键。
Wei等[6]的研究表明肝门阻断是总体并发症的发生因素,而且肝门阻断时间超过80min的患者,并发症的发生率明显提高,本组52例行10例肝门阻断,其中3例出现肝功能衰竭。因此,手术中应尽可能减少肝门阻断时间。
Belghiti等[13]研究认为合并肝外其他脏器切除,死亡率明显增加,本组2例肝切除合并胃、结肠切除术后发吻合口漏而死亡。
综上所述,肝切除术后并发症的发生率和死亡率影响因素有很多,但随着手术适应证的严格掌握,充分做好术前准备,肝功能各项指标的调整如降低血清总胆红素及血清丙氨酸转氨酶,调整血红蛋白及血小板的指标,选择手术时机,提高手术操作技巧以及术后密切的监测管理,肝切除术后并发症的发生率和死亡率会明显降低。
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