作者:梅家转,郭坤元,魏红梅,常红,宋朝阳
【摘要】 目的 探讨鼻咽癌CNE2细胞表面HLAI类分子表型和NKG2D配体的表达情况,进一步了解其对同种异体NK细胞杀伤活性的影响。方法 流式细胞仪检测NKG2D的配体MICA、MICB、ULBP1、ULBP2、ULBP3在K562、CNE2细胞的表达情况。PCRSSP法分析CNE2细胞HLAA、B、Cw分型和NK细胞KIR分型。LDH释放法测定5例健康者NK细胞在不同效靶比时对K562、CNE2细胞的杀伤活性,效靶比20∶1时观察抗NKG2D配体的单抗对NK细胞杀伤K562、CNE2细胞活性的影响。结果 CNE2细胞表达MICA、MICB、ULBP2,不表达ULBP1、ULBP3。K562细胞表面表达MICA、MICB、ULBP1、ULBP2、ULBP3。5例健康者NK细胞抑制性KIR与CNE2细胞表面的HLAI类分子之间存在错配。效靶比5∶1、10∶1、20∶1、30∶1时NK细胞对K562、CNE2细胞的杀伤活性分别为(29.02±0.45)%、(10.50±2.17)%;(44.43±1.36)%、(27.68±1.47)%;(57.82±1.35)%、(36.99±3.13)%;(71.24±2.36)%、(55.00±2.20)%,在各效靶比时NK细胞对K562细胞的杀伤活性较CNE2细胞明显增强(P=0.000);在效靶比20∶1时antiMICA、antiMICB、antiULBP1、antiULBP2、antiULBP3可明显抑制NK细胞对K562细胞的杀伤活性,与阻断前相比有显著性差异(P=0.000);antiMICA、antiMICB、antiULBP2可明显抑制NK细胞对CNE2细胞的杀伤活性,与阻断前相比有显著性差异(P<0.01),但antiULBP1、antiULBP3不能阻断NK细胞对CNE2细胞的杀伤活性。结论 NKG2D配体影响NK细胞对靶细胞的杀伤活性,提高NKG2D配体的表达有可能提高NK细胞的抗肿瘤活性。
【关键词】 自然杀伤细胞;NKG2D;杀伤细胞免疫球蛋白样受体
Abstract:Objective To analyze HLA class I molecules and the expression of NKG2D ligands in human nasopharyngeal carcinoma cell line (CNE2) and their effects on cytotoxicity of natural killer (NK) cells. Methods The expression of NKG2D ligands on the surface of CNE2 and K562 cells were analyzed by flow cytometry. The HLA class I molecules in CNE2 cells and killer cell immunoglobulinlike receptors(KIR) expressed by NK cells (isolated from 5 healthy persons) were analyzed by PCRSSP. Cytotoxicities of NK cells against CNE2 and K562 cells were detected by LDH releasing assay at different effecttotarget cell ratios (E∶T). In blocking experiments, different antiNKG2D ligands monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) were added to the target cells at 20∶1 E∶T ratio. Results It was found that MICA, MICB, ULBP2 were expressed by CNE2, ULBP1, ULBP3 were not detectable on CNE2; K562 expressed all the NKG2D ligands. There were mismatches between inhibitory KIRs expressed by NK cells and HLA class I molecules expressed by the CNE2 cells. NK cells displayed highly in vitro cytotoxicity against K562 and CNE2 cells with anlysis of (29.02±0.45)%, (10.50±2.17)%; (44.43±1.36)%, (27.68±1.47)%; (57.82±1.35)%, (36.99±3.13)%; (71.24±2.36)%, (55.00±2.20)% respectively at 5∶1,10∶1, 20∶1, 30∶1 E∶T ratios(P=0.000). Blocking experiments confirmed that killing of K562 by NK cells was efficiently inhibited by antiMICA mAb, antiMICB mAb, antiULBP1 mAb, antiULBP2 mAb and antiULBP3 mAb. antiMICA mAb. Anti MICBmAb, antiULBP2 mAb could partially inhibit the cytotoxicity of NK cells against CNE2 cells, whereas antiULBP1 mAb and antiULBP3 mAb could not inhibit the cytotoxicity of NK cells. Conclusion Expression of NKG2D ligands is correlated with the cytotoxicity of NK cells. NK mediated cytolytic activity may be boosted by engineering cells expressing high levels of activating NKG2D ligands.
Key words:Natural killer cell; NKG2D; Killer cell immunoglobulinlike receptor
0 引言
NK细胞对靶细胞的杀伤活性与其细胞表面的受体和靶细胞表面的配体密切相关。NK细胞表面的抑制性杀伤细胞免疫球蛋白样受体(Inhibitory killer cell immunoglobulinlike receptor,iKIR)与靶细胞表面特定的HLAI类分子结合可以明显抑制NK细胞的活性,靶细胞缺乏iKIR特定的配体将激发NK细胞对其杀伤活性 [1]。NKG2D为NK细胞的活化性受体,表达于所有的NK细胞表面,是介导NK细胞识别和溶解肿瘤细胞的主要活化性受体。NKG2D的配体为MHCI类链相关基因产物(MICA、MICB)及ULBPS(人巨细胞病毒UL16蛋白的结合蛋白ULBP1、ULBP2、ULBP3),NKG2D的配体在多种肿瘤细胞表达,其在鼻咽癌细胞的表达尚未见报道。本研究主要探讨鼻咽癌CNE2细胞株HLAI类分子表型和NKG2D配体的表达情况,进一步了解其对同种异体NK细胞杀伤活性的影响。
1 材料和方法
1.1 材料
NK细胞分离缓冲液(磷酸盐缓冲液,pH7.2,含0.5% BSA和2mM EDTA)及CD56 MicroBeads(Miltenyi Biotec公司),FITC标记的山羊抗小鼠IgG1(eBioscience公司),RPMI1640(Gibco公司),淋巴细胞分离液(上海试剂二厂),rhIL2(上海华新公司),NK细胞杀伤活性检测试剂盒(CytoTox96 NonRadioactive Cytotoxocity Assay,Promega公司),KIR PCRSSP分型试剂盒(Dynal公司),PCRSSPA、B、Cw特异性引物试剂盒(Biotest公司),流式细胞仪(Coulter公司),AMO1(antiMICA,IgG1),BMO1(antiMICB,IgG1),M295(antiULBP1,IgG1),M310(antiULBP2,IgG1),M551(antiULBP3,IgG1),以上单抗由德国Alexander steinle及意大利Lorenzo Moretta教授惠赠。人鼻咽癌细胞株CNE2由军事医学科学院李春海教授惠赠 [2],人慢性髓系白血病细胞株K562由本室冻存。
1.2 方法
1.2.1 NK细胞的分离纯化
采用常规密度梯度离心法分离5例健康人外周血单个核细胞,PBS洗涤2次,计数细胞,CD56 MicroBeads作细胞阳性分选,获得CD3-CD56+细胞,流式细胞仪检测CD3-CD16+CD56+细胞的纯度。
1.2.2 细胞培养
细胞培养基为含10%胎牛血清、100U/ml青霉素和100μg/ml链霉素的RPMI1640。培养NK细胞时加入1000U/ml的rhIL2。
1.2.3 K562、CNE2细胞表面NKG2D主要活化性配体的测定
收集对数期生长的K562、CNE2细胞,PBS洗涤后,计数细胞,分管,按1μg/106细胞浓度分别加入AMO1、BMO1、M295、M310、M551,4℃孵育30min,PBS洗涤3次,以FITC标记的山羊抗鼠IgG1二抗4℃孵育30min,PBS洗涤,同型IgG1(Pharmingen公司)作为阴性对照抗体,流式细胞仪分析样本中1×104个细胞中阳性细胞数,计算表达率。
1.2.4 CNE2细胞表面HLAA、B、Cw基因分型
采用PCRSSP法,按PCRSSPA、B、Cw特异性引物试剂盒说明操作。
1.2.5 KIR基因分型
采用PCRSSP法,按KIR基因分型试剂盒说明操作。
1.2.6 NK细胞杀伤活性测定
采用4h LDH释放测定法,参照CytoTox96 NonRadioactive Cytotoxocity Assay说明操作。抗体封闭试验以效靶比20∶1时AMO1、BMO1、M295、M310、M551各1μg分别与靶细胞室温孵育15min,然后再加入NK细胞测杀伤率。NK细胞杀伤活性(%)=(实验组OD平均值-靶细胞自然释放组OD平均值-效应细胞自然释放组OD平均值)/(靶细胞最大释放组OD平均值-靶细胞自然释放组OD平均值)×100%
1.3 统计学处理方法
应用SPSS10.0软件进行数据处理,采用独立样本t检验。